3,928 research outputs found
Asymptotic freedom in a scalar field theory on the lattice
An alternative model to the trivial -theory of the standard model of
weak interactions is suggested, which embodies the Higgs-mechanism, but is free
of the conceptual problems of standard -theory. We propose a
N-component, O(N)-symmetric scalar field theory, which is originally defined on
the lattice. The model can be motivated from SU(2) gauge theory. Thereby the
scalar field arises as a gauge invariant degree of freedom. The scalar lattice
model is analytically solved in the large N limit. The continuum limit is
approached via an asymptotically free scaling. The renormalized theory evades
triviality, and furthermore gives rise to a dynamically formed mass of the
scalar particle.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, one figure and a motivation for the particular type
of action adde
Quantum-enhanced multi-parameter estimation for unitary photonic systems
Precise device characterization is a fundamental requirement for a large
range of applications using photonic hardware, and constitutes a
multi-parameter estimation problem. Estimates based on measurements using
single photons or classical light have precision which is limited by
shot-noise, while quantum resources can be used to achieve sub-shot-noise
precision. However, there are many open questions with regard to the best
quantum protocols for multi-parameter estimation, including the ultimate limits
to achievable precision, as well as optimal choices for probe states and
measurements. In this paper, we develop a formalism based on Fisher information
to tackle these questions for set-ups based on linear-optical components and
photon-counting measurements. A key ingredient of our analysis is a mapping for
equivalent protocols defined for photonic and spin systems, which allows us to
draw upon results in the literature for general finite-dimensional systems.
Motivated by the protocol in X.-Q. Zhou, et al., Optica 2, 510 (2015), we
present new results for quantum-enhanced tomography of unitary processes,
including a comparison of Holland-Burnett and NOON probe states.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figure
Computing point-of-view : modeling and simulating judgments of taste
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-163).People have rich points-of-view that afford them the ability to judge the aesthetics of people, things, and everyday happenstance; yet viewpoint has an ineffable quality that is hard to articulate in words, let alone capture in computer models. Inspired by cultural theories of taste and identity, this thesis explores end-to-end computational modeling of people's tastes-from model acquisition, to generalization, to application- under various realms. Five aesthetical realms are considered-cultural taste, attitudes, ways of perceiving, taste for food, and sense-of-humor. A person's model is acquired by reading her personal texts, such as a weblog diary, a social network profile, or emails. To generalize a person model, methods such as spreading activation, analogy, and imprimer supplementation are applied to semantic resources and search spaces mined from cultural corpora. Once a generalized model is achieved, a person's tastes are brought to life through perspective-based applications, which afford the exploration of someone else's perspective through interactivity and play. The thesis describes model acquisition systems implemented for each of the five aesthetical realms.(cont.) The techniques of 'reading for affective themes' (RATE), and 'culture mining' are described, along with their enabling technologies, which are commonsense reasoning and textual affect analysis. Finally, six perspective-based applications were implemented to illuminate a range of real-world beneficiaries to person modeling-virtual mentoring, self-reflection, and deep customization.by Xinyu Hugo Liu.Ph.D
Quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems for synthesizing quantum states
Complexity theory typically focuses on the difficulty of solving
computational problems using classical inputs and outputs, even with a quantum
computer. In the quantum world, it is natural to apply a different notion of
complexity, namely the complexity of synthesizing quantum states. We
investigate a state-synthesizing counterpart of the class NP, referred to as
stateQMA, which is concerned with preparing certain quantum states through a
polynomial-time quantum verifier with the aid of a single quantum message from
an all-powerful but untrusted prover. This is a subclass of the class stateQIP
recently introduced by Rosenthal and Yuen (ITCS 2022), which permits
polynomially many interactions between the prover and the verifier. Our main
result consists of error reduction of this class and its variants with an
exponentially small gap or a bounded space, as well as how this class relates
to other fundamental state synthesizing classes, i.e., states generated by
uniform polynomial-time quantum circuits (stateBQP) and space-uniform
polynomial-space quantum circuits (statePSPACE). Furthermore, we establish that
the family of UQMA witnesses, considered as one of the most natural candidates,
is in stateQMA. Additionally, we demonstrate that stateQCMA achieves perfect
completeness.Comment: 31 pages. v2: minor changes. v3: add a new result - UQMA witness
family is in stateQM
The Pitch Histogram of Traditional Chinese Anhemitonic Pentatonic Folk Songs
Funding Information: The APC was funded by Open Access Initiative of the University of Bremen and the DFG via SuUB Bremen. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.As an essential subset of Chinese music, traditional Chinese folk songs frequently apply the anhemitonic pentatonic scale. In music education and demonstration, the Chinese anhemitonic pentatonic mode is usually introduced theoretically, supplemented by music appreciation, and a non-Chinese-speaking audience often lacks a perceptual understanding. We discovered that traditional Chinese anhemitonic pentatonic folk songs could be identified intuitively according to their distinctive bell-shaped pitch distribution in different types of pitch histograms, reflecting the Chinese characteristics of Zhongyong (the doctrine of the mean). Applying pitch distribution to the demonstration of the Chinese anhemitonic pentatonic folk songs, exemplified by a considerable number of instances, allows the audience to understand the culture behind the music from a new perspective by creating an auditory and visual association. We have also made preliminary attempts to feature and model the observations and implemented pilot classifiers to provide references for machine learning in music information retrieval (MIR). To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first MIR study to use various pitch histograms on traditional Chinese anhemitonic pentatonic folk songs, demonstrating that, based on cultural understanding, lightweight statistical approaches can progress cultural diversity in music education, computational musicology, and MIR.publishersversionpublishe
Aplicación de la metodología “Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas” en el logro de competencias de estudiantes del Programa de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Sede de Lima – 2018
En la formación tradicional de nuevos ingenieros se ha enfocado siempre de
manera predominante en la transmisión de conocimientos científicos, técnicos y
tecnológicos sin considerar el desarrollo de competencias. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determina si la aplicación de la metodología Aprendizaje Basado en
Problemas tiene un efecto positivo en el logro de competencias en estudiantes del
programa de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres,
desarrollándose un enfoque de investigación cuantitativo aplicado a una muestra de 55
estudiantes. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos se infirió que con un nivel de confianza del 95% y 5% de probabilidad de error, la aplicación de esta metodología tiene un efecto positivo en el logro de competencias, y de acuerdo a esos resultados, se concluyó que la utilización del ABP es un gran aporte como herramienta metodológica en el proceso de logro de competencias de ingeniería industrial.In the traditional training of new engineers it has always focused predominantly on
the transmission of scientific, technical and technological knowledge without considering
the development of skills. The purpose of this research was to determine whether the
application of the Problem-Based Learning methodology has a positive effect on the
achievement of skills in students of the Industrial Engineering program of the University
de San Martín de Porres, a quantitative research approach was applied to a sample of 55 students. According to the results obtained, it was inferred that with a level of confidence of 95% and 5% probability of error, the application of this methodology has a positive effect on the achievement of skills, and according to those results, it was concluded that, the use of PBL is a great contribution as a methodological tool in the process of achievement of industrial engineering skills
Bakry-\'Emery curvature sharpness and curvature flow in finite weighted graphs. I. Theory
In this sequence of two papers, we introduce a curvature flow on (mixed)
weighted graphs which is based on the Bakry-\'Emery calculus. The flow is
described via a time-continuous evolution through the weighting schemes. By
adapting this flow to preserve the Markovian property, its limits turn out to
be curvature sharp. Our aim is to present the flow in the most general case of
not necessarily reversible random walks allowing laziness, including vanishing
transition probabilities along some edges ("degenerate" edges). This approach
requires to extend all concepts (in particular, the Bakry-\'Emery curvature
related notions) to this general case and it leads to a distinction between the
underlying topology (a mixed combinatorial graph) and the weighting scheme
(given by transition rates). We present various results about curvature sharp
vertices and weighted graphs as well as some fundamental properties of this new
curvature flow. This paper is accompanied by a second paper discussing the
curvature flow implementation in Python for practical use. In this second paper
we present examples and exhibit further properties of the flow
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